Metal materials belonging to metallurgical products, engaged in the production of metal materials, ordering, transportation, use, storage and inspection must be based on a unified technical standards - metallurgical product standards. Personnel engaged in metal materials must master the relevant content of the standard. http://www.gold-testing-machine.com/product/gold-testing-machine-gt-05/China's metallurgical products use the standard for the national standard (code-named "GB" GB "), the Ministry of the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry Standard" YB ", a machine department standard" JB ", enterprise standard three. (A) packaging inspection according to the type of metal materials, shape, size, accuracy, corrosion may be. 1 . Bulk: no packaging, wiping, block (not afraid of corrosion, not expensive), large steel (large steel, thick steel, rail), pig iron and so on. 2 . Bundle: refers to the smaller size, corrosion has little effect on the use, such as small and medium steel, pipe steel, wire, sheet and so on. 3. Into the box (barrel): refers to anti-corrosion, small, thin products, such as tinplate, silicon steel, magnesium ingots and so on. 4. Into the axis: finger, wire rope, strand and so on. The packing box, shaft packaging products should first check whether the packaging is complete. (2) logo inspection mark is the difference between the material material, the specification of the mark, the main description of the supplier name, grade, inspection lot number, size, size, level, net weight and so on. Logo has; Color: the end of the metal material, the end coated with a variety of colors of paint, mainly for steel, pig iron, colored materials and so on. 6. Print: In the metal parts of the specified parts (end, end) to fight the method of printing or painting, indicating the material grades, specifications, standard number and so on. Mainly used for plate, profiles, colored materials and so on. 7. Listed: into a bundle, into a box, into the shaft and other metal materials listed on the outside of its grades, size, weight, standard number, for suppliers and so on. Marking of metal materials should be carefully identified in the transport, storage and other processes to be properly protected. (C) the size of the size of the inspection specifications refers to the main parts of metal materials (length, width, thickness, diameter, etc.) nominal size. 8 . Nominal size (nominal size): is the ideal size in the production of people, but it has a certain gap with the actual size. 9 . Dimension deviation: the difference between the actual size and the nominal size is called the size deviation. Greater than the nominal size is called the positive deviation, less than the nominal size called negative deviation. In the standard within the scope of the allowable deviation within the scope of the range called the size of the tolerance, tolerance is unqualified goods. 10. Accuracy class: the size of the metal material to allow the deviation of several ranges, according to the size of the allowable deviation of the size of the different designated for the level of precision grade, precision grade points ordinary, higher, advanced and so on. 11. Delivery length (width): is the main size of metal material delivery, refers to the delivery of metal materials should have a long (wide) degree specifications. 12. Usually length (not length): the length of the provisions do not make certain, but must be within a specified length range (by different varieties, the length is not the same, according to the Ministry, plant set). 13. Short length: The length is less than the specified lower limit of the normal length dimension, but not less than the specified minimum allowable length. For some of the metal material, according to the provisions of a part can be "short". 14. Length Length: The length of the metal material to be delivered must have the length (generally positive deviation) specified by the purchaser in the order contract. 15. Length: The length of the metal material to be delivered must be an integral multiple of the length specified in the order contract (plus sawing, positive deviation). The size of the inspection should pay attention to measuring the material parts and the selection of appropriate measurement tools. (4) the number of inspection of the number of metal materials, generally refers to the weight (in addition to individual cases of plate, fish plate to the number of pieces), the number of test methods are:
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17. Measured by actual weight: Metallic materials measured by actual weight should generally be fully tested. For solid packaging (such as boxes, together, barrels, etc.), in the packaging are marked gross weight, net weight and tare. Such as thin steel plate, silicon steel sheet, ferroalloy can be sampled not less than 5% of the number of batches, such as sampling weight and mark the weight of access to a large, you must all out of the box weighing. 18. Measured by the theory: the nominal size of the material (the actual size) and the weight calculated from the weight, for those length of the plate and other materials can be converted according to the theory, but in the conversion should pay attention to the actual formula and the actual proportion of the material. (5) Surface quality inspection Surface quality inspection is mainly on the material, appearance, shape, surface defects of the test, are: 19. Ellipticity: round section of the metal material, in the same section on the direction of the diameter of the phenomenon. The ellipticity is expressed by the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters in the same section, and is different for different purposes. 20. Bending is the rolling material. In the length or width direction is not straight, the shape of the curve of the general term. If they are represented by numbers in degrees, it is called curvature. twenty one . Torsion: The strip rolled material is twisted in a spiral along the longitudinal axis. twenty two . Sickle bend (side bend): refers to the metal plate, belt and close to the rectangular section of the material along the length (narrow side of the side) of the bend, one side was concave curve, the other side of the convex curve, known as "sickle bend" The Expressed in concave height. twenty three . Scoop curve: refers to the length of the board or the width of the direction of the same time there are ups and downs of the wave phenomenon, the formation of scoop, called scoop curvature. The value of the degree of scoop is called the curl. twenty four . Surface crack: refers to the surface of metal objects crack. 25. Ears: Due to the improper roll and other reasons, the emergence of the protrusion along the rolling direction, called the ear. 26. Include injury: refers to the material surface is straight or curved groove marks can usually see the ditch at the end. 27. Scarring: refers to uneven distribution in the metal surface was tongue-shaped, nail-shaped or fish-like flakes. 28. Adhesive: metal plate, foil, with the layer in the sheet when the layer produced by the interlayer, line, surface adhesion. After opening the surface left with adhesive marks, called bonding. 29. Iron oxide skin: iron oxide skin refers to the material in the heating, rolling and cooling process, the metal oxide generated on the surface. 30. Folding: a metal in the hot rolling process (or forging) to form a surface defects, the surface of each other equivalent to the bimetallic layer, linear or curved coincidence. 31. Pitting: refers to the rough surface of metal surface rough surface. 32. Subcutaneous bubbles: the surface of the metal material showed irregular distribution of different sizes, different shapes, around the small round bulge, broken convex bubble was chicken claw-shaped cracks or tongue-shaped scar, called the bubble. Surface defects are mainly due to the production, transportation, handling, storage and other improper operation. Depending on the impact on the use of different, some defects are simply not allowed to exceed the limit. Some defects do not exist, but do not allow more than the limit; whether a variety of surface defects are allowed to exist, or allow the existence of the degree of clarity in the standard. (6) Guarantees of internal quality inspection The inspection of the internal quality of the metal material is based on the different requirements of the material, and the guarantee conditions are different. At the factory and the acceptance, it must be tested according to the guarantee conditions and meet the requirements and guarantee the conditions. The Basic assurance conditions: the minimum requirements for material quality, whether or not proposed, have to ensure that, such as chemical composition, basic mechanical properties. 34. Additional guarantee conditions: refers to the demand side in the order contract specified in the request, only to test, and to ensure that the test results meet the requirements of the project. 35. Agreement to ensure that the conditions: the supply and demand sides to negotiate and in the order contract to ensure that the project. 36. Participation in conditions: the two sides to negotiate the project, but only for reference conditions, not assessment. The internal quality inspection of metal materials mainly has mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, process performance, chemical composition and internal organization inspection. Mechanical properties, process performance has been introduced in the first part, where only the chemical composition and internal organization of the test method of the principle and a brief summary of the process. (7) chemical composition test
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Chemical composition is the main factor in determining the properties and quality of metallic materials. Therefore, the standard of the vast majority of metal materials must be required to ensure that the chemical composition, and some even as the main quality, variety indicators. Chemical composition can be chemical and physical methods to analyze and identify, the most widely used is the chemical analysis and spectral analysis, in addition, the equipment is simple, fast identification of the spark identification method, but also a component of the identification of steel A practical and easy way. 37. Chemical analysis: According to the chemical reaction to determine the composition of the metal, this method collectively referred to as chemical analysis. Chemical analysis is divided into qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of two. Through qualitative analysis, you can identify which elements of the material, but can not determine their content; quantitative analysis, is used to accurately determine the content of various elements. The actual production of the main quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis of the method for the weight analysis and capacity analysis. Gravimetric analysis: the use of appropriate means of separation, so that the metal was determined by the separation of other elements, and then use the weighing method to measure the element content. Capacity analysis: the standard solution (known concentration of the solution) and the metal measured elements in full reaction, and then according to the volume of the standard solution consumed by the measured element content. 38. Spectral analysis: a variety of elements in the high temperature, high energy excitation can produce their own unique spectrum, according to the elements excited by the characteristics of the spectrum generated by the metal to determine the chemical composition and the general content of the method, called spectral analysis. Usually by means of arc, spark, laser and other external energy to stimulate the sample, so that the measured elements issued a characteristic spectrum. After spectral analysis with the chemical elements of the spectral table, to make the analysis. 39. Spark identification method: mainly used for iron and steel, grinding in the grinding wheel due to friction, high temperature effect, all kinds of elements, micro-oxidation generated when the amount of spark, shape, bifurcation, color, etc., to identify the chemical composition of materials (constituent elements) And a general content of a method. (8) internal quality inspection common internal organizational defects are: 40. Loose: cast iron or castings in the solidification process, due to the area between the branches of the final solidification of the melt and the release of gas, resulting in many small pores and gases caused by non-compact. 41. An amorphous or foreign matter surrounded by a solid metal matrix. 42. Segregation: Uneven distribution of chemical composition in various areas of alloy metal. 43. Decarbonization: steel or iron-based alloy material or parts of the surface of the carbon all or part of the phenomenon of loss. In addition, bubbles, cracks, layers, white spots are also common internal tissue defects, the internal organization (grain, tissue) and internal tissue defects commonly used methods are: 44. Macro test: the use of the naked eye or 10 times below the low magnification microscope to observe the internal structure of metal materials and defects of the test. Commonly used methods are fracture test, low magnification test, tower turning hair pattern inspection and sulfur printing test. The main test bubble, slag, delamination, cracks, coarse grain, white spots, segregation, loose and so on. 45. Microscopy: Microscopic examination is also called high-power test, is prepared samples, according to the provisions of the magnification in the phase microscope under the observation and determination to test the organization of metal materials and defects of the test method. General inspection inclusions, grain size, decarburization depth, intergranular corrosion. 46. Non-destructive testing: nondestructive testing with magnetic flaw detection, fluorescent flaw detection and color detection. Magnetic flaw detection for steel and other ferromagnetic materials close to the surface cracks, inclusions, white spots, folding, shrinkage, scar and so on. Fluorescent flaw detection and coloring testing are used for the inspection of non-magnetic materials such as non-ferrous metals, stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys, and cracks. 47. Ultrasonic testing: also known as ultrasonic testing. The use of ultrasound in the same homogeneous medium for linear transmission. But in the interface of two different substances, there will be some or all of the reflection. Therefore, when the ultrasonic wave to the material inside the pores, cracks, shrinkage, inclusions, then the interface in the metal reflection, the greater the heterogeneous interface, the stronger the ability to reflect, and vice versa. In this way, the location and size of the internal defects can be reflected through the flaw of the flapper screen. Commonly used ultrasonic flaw detection X-ray and ray detection.
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17. Measured by actual weight: Metallic materials measured by actual weight should generally be fully tested. For solid packaging (such as boxes, together, barrels, etc.), in the packaging are marked gross weight, net weight and tare. Such as thin steel plate, silicon steel sheet, ferroalloy can be sampled not less than 5% of the number of batches, such as sampling weight and mark the weight of access to a large, you must all out of the box weighing. 18. Measured by the theory: the nominal size of the material (the actual size) and the weight calculated from the weight, for those length of the plate and other materials can be converted according to the theory, but in the conversion should pay attention to the actual formula and the actual proportion of the material. (5) Surface quality inspection Surface quality inspection is mainly on the material, appearance, shape, surface defects of the test, are: 19. Ellipticity: round section of the metal material, in the same section on the direction of the diameter of the phenomenon. The ellipticity is expressed by the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters in the same section, and is different for different purposes. 20. Bending is the rolling material. In the length or width direction is not straight, the shape of the curve of the general term. If they are represented by numbers in degrees, it is called curvature. twenty one . Torsion: The strip rolled material is twisted in a spiral along the longitudinal axis. twenty two . Sickle bend (side bend): refers to the metal plate, belt and close to the rectangular section of the material along the length (narrow side of the side) of the bend, one side was concave curve, the other side of the convex curve, known as "sickle bend" The Expressed in concave height. twenty three . Scoop curve: refers to the length of the board or the width of the direction of the same time there are ups and downs of the wave phenomenon, the formation of scoop, called scoop curvature. The value of the degree of scoop is called the curl. twenty four . Surface crack: refers to the surface of metal objects crack. 25. Ears: Due to the improper roll and other reasons, the emergence of the protrusion along the rolling direction, called the ear. 26. Include injury: refers to the material surface is straight or curved groove marks can usually see the ditch at the end. 27. Scarring: refers to uneven distribution in the metal surface was tongue-shaped, nail-shaped or fish-like flakes. 28. Adhesive: metal plate, foil, with the layer in the sheet when the layer produced by the interlayer, line, surface adhesion. After opening the surface left with adhesive marks, called bonding. 29. Iron oxide skin: iron oxide skin refers to the material in the heating, rolling and cooling process, the metal oxide generated on the surface. 30. Folding: a metal in the hot rolling process (or forging) to form a surface defects, the surface of each other equivalent to the bimetallic layer, linear or curved coincidence. 31. Pitting: refers to the rough surface of metal surface rough surface. 32. Subcutaneous bubbles: the surface of the metal material showed irregular distribution of different sizes, different shapes, around the small round bulge, broken convex bubble was chicken claw-shaped cracks or tongue-shaped scar, called the bubble. Surface defects are mainly due to the production, transportation, handling, storage and other improper operation. Depending on the impact on the use of different, some defects are simply not allowed to exceed the limit. Some defects do not exist, but do not allow more than the limit; whether a variety of surface defects are allowed to exist, or allow the existence of the degree of clarity in the standard. (6) Guarantees of internal quality inspection The inspection of the internal quality of the metal material is based on the different requirements of the material, and the guarantee conditions are different. At the factory and the acceptance, it must be tested according to the guarantee conditions and meet the requirements and guarantee the conditions. The Basic assurance conditions: the minimum requirements for material quality, whether or not proposed, have to ensure that, such as chemical composition, basic mechanical properties. 34. Additional guarantee conditions: refers to the demand side in the order contract specified in the request, only to test, and to ensure that the test results meet the requirements of the project. 35. Agreement to ensure that the conditions: the supply and demand sides to negotiate and in the order contract to ensure that the project. 36. Participation in conditions: the two sides to negotiate the project, but only for reference conditions, not assessment. The internal quality inspection of metal materials mainly has mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, process performance, chemical composition and internal organization inspection. Mechanical properties, process performance has been introduced in the first part, where only the chemical composition and internal organization of the test method of the principle and a brief summary of the process. (7) chemical composition test
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Chemical composition is the main factor in determining the properties and quality of metallic materials. Therefore, the standard of the vast majority of metal materials must be required to ensure that the chemical composition, and some even as the main quality, variety indicators. Chemical composition can be chemical and physical methods to analyze and identify, the most widely used is the chemical analysis and spectral analysis, in addition, the equipment is simple, fast identification of the spark identification method, but also a component of the identification of steel A practical and easy way. 37. Chemical analysis: According to the chemical reaction to determine the composition of the metal, this method collectively referred to as chemical analysis. Chemical analysis is divided into qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of two. Through qualitative analysis, you can identify which elements of the material, but can not determine their content; quantitative analysis, is used to accurately determine the content of various elements. The actual production of the main quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis of the method for the weight analysis and capacity analysis. Gravimetric analysis: the use of appropriate means of separation, so that the metal was determined by the separation of other elements, and then use the weighing method to measure the element content. Capacity analysis: the standard solution (known concentration of the solution) and the metal measured elements in full reaction, and then according to the volume of the standard solution consumed by the measured element content. 38. Spectral analysis: a variety of elements in the high temperature, high energy excitation can produce their own unique spectrum, according to the elements excited by the characteristics of the spectrum generated by the metal to determine the chemical composition and the general content of the method, called spectral analysis. Usually by means of arc, spark, laser and other external energy to stimulate the sample, so that the measured elements issued a characteristic spectrum. After spectral analysis with the chemical elements of the spectral table, to make the analysis. 39. Spark identification method: mainly used for iron and steel, grinding in the grinding wheel due to friction, high temperature effect, all kinds of elements, micro-oxidation generated when the amount of spark, shape, bifurcation, color, etc., to identify the chemical composition of materials (constituent elements) And a general content of a method. (8) internal quality inspection common internal organizational defects are: 40. Loose: cast iron or castings in the solidification process, due to the area between the branches of the final solidification of the melt and the release of gas, resulting in many small pores and gases caused by non-compact. 41. An amorphous or foreign matter surrounded by a solid metal matrix. 42. Segregation: Uneven distribution of chemical composition in various areas of alloy metal. 43. Decarbonization: steel or iron-based alloy material or parts of the surface of the carbon all or part of the phenomenon of loss. In addition, bubbles, cracks, layers, white spots are also common internal tissue defects, the internal organization (grain, tissue) and internal tissue defects commonly used methods are: 44. Macro test: the use of the naked eye or 10 times below the low magnification microscope to observe the internal structure of metal materials and defects of the test. Commonly used methods are fracture test, low magnification test, tower turning hair pattern inspection and sulfur printing test. The main test bubble, slag, delamination, cracks, coarse grain, white spots, segregation, loose and so on. 45. Microscopy: Microscopic examination is also called high-power test, is prepared samples, according to the provisions of the magnification in the phase microscope under the observation and determination to test the organization of metal materials and defects of the test method. General inspection inclusions, grain size, decarburization depth, intergranular corrosion. 46. Non-destructive testing: nondestructive testing with magnetic flaw detection, fluorescent flaw detection and color detection. Magnetic flaw detection for steel and other ferromagnetic materials close to the surface cracks, inclusions, white spots, folding, shrinkage, scar and so on. Fluorescent flaw detection and coloring testing are used for the inspection of non-magnetic materials such as non-ferrous metals, stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys, and cracks. 47. Ultrasonic testing: also known as ultrasonic testing. The use of ultrasound in the same homogeneous medium for linear transmission. But in the interface of two different substances, there will be some or all of the reflection. Therefore, when the ultrasonic wave to the material inside the pores, cracks, shrinkage, inclusions, then the interface in the metal reflection, the greater the heterogeneous interface, the stronger the ability to reflect, and vice versa. In this way, the location and size of the internal defects can be reflected through the flaw of the flapper screen. Commonly used ultrasonic flaw detection X-ray and ray detection.
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